Information retrieval ir is generally concerned with the searching and retrieving of knowledgebased information from database. Landauer and bjork 1978 offered expanding retrieval practice. Cognitive psychology research on learning and memory is replete with examples of how performance depends on retrieval conditions e. Optimizing retrieval practice has been assumed, on the basis of evidence and arguments tracing back to landauer and bjork 1978, to require an expandinginterval schedule of successive retrievals, but recent findings suggest that expanding retrieval practice may be inferior to uniforminterval retrieval practice when memory is tested after a. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Patel university of california, santa cruz four experiments examined the interplay of memory and creative cognition, showing that attempting to think of new uses for an object can cause the forgetting of old uses. Full text views reflects the number of pdf downloads. Retrieving information from memory makes that information more recallable in the future than it otherwise would have been. Bjork explains the interplay between storage strength and retrieval strength through a realworld example. When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances longterm retention.
In this paper, we represent the various models and techniques for information retrieval. Object retrieval with large vocabularies and fast spatial. Intricacies of spaced retrieval washington university in st. Information retrieval clinicians need highquality, trusted information in the delivery of health care. It is important to note, however, that expanding schedules are not guaranteed to always optimally promote longterm retention.
Optometric education association of schools and colleges. Long term assessment of word retrieval as a memory modi. Information must be organized and indexed effectively for easy retrieval, to increase recall and precision of information retrieval. Consistent with this idea, it is not the weaker, but the stronger items that are more impaired by rif e. When moving to a new place or into a new job, a persons memory will have to adjust to the new situation by making the new. An item can seldom if ever, be retrieved from memory without modifying the representation of that item in memory in. Is retrieval success a necessary condition for retrieval. Retrieval strategies assign a measure of similarity between a query and a document. Additional evidence for the competitiondependent nature of rif comes from the research of anderson. More recently, storm, bjork, and storm 2010 demonstrated that whether expanding or equalinterval retrieval practice was superior in a particular situation depended critically on the rate of forgetting of the toberemembered material. The development of word retrieval abilities in the. Possible treatment targets include the use of compensatory strategies for swallowing, safe transfer techniques, the names of caregivers, and the use of memory aids e.
Expanding retrieval practice promotes shortterm retention, but equally spaced retrieval enhances longterm retention. Effects of expanding and equal spacing 1 this is an. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. While information retrieved or given retrieval practice becomes more recallable in the future than it would have been otherwisethe testing effect e. Retrieval practice over the long term computer science university.
Optimizing computerbased second language vocabulary learning 1. In this paradigm, illustrated in figure 1, participants first study a list of categoryexemplar pairs e. Object retrieval with large vocabularies and fast spatial matching james philbin1, ond. Spaced retrieval can help people with cognitive deficits learn to retain important information by cementing the information in the procedural memory system. When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances. Bjork publications bjork learning and forgetting lab. Benjamin c storm phd university of california, santa cruz.
Specifically, we assume that retrieval cues activate both target and nontarget items in memory, creating competition, which requires that the items causing that competition be suppressed or inhibited. Bjork 2011 showed that relearning information that was impaired as a consequence of retrieving other competitive information i. These strategies are based on the common notion that the more often terms are found in both the document and the query, the more relevant the document is deemed to be to the query. Examining the costs and benefits of inhibition in memory retrieval. Do learners predict a shift from recency to primacy with.
Online edition c 2009 cambridge up an introduction to information retrieval draft of april 1, 2009. Information retrieval is become a important research area in the field of computer science. Three years of evidence from the columbia middle school project. Online edition c2009 cambridge up stanford nlp group.
Optimizing retrieval practice has been assumed, on the basis of evidence and arguments tracing back to landauer and bjork 1978, to require an expandinginterval schedule of successive retrievals, but recent findings suggest that expanding retrieval practice may be. More specifically, in the context of the retrieval practice paradigm, we assume. Detrimental, neutral, and bene cial e ects on nonretrieved items since anderson, bjork, and bjork s 1994 seminal work on retrieval induced forgetting, numerous studies in the literature have shown that selective retrieval of some studied items can impair recall of nonretrieved items. Optimizing multiplechoice tests as tools for learning. Forgetting as a consequence and enabler of creative thinking. Aug 15, 2014 answering multiplechoice questions with competitive alternatives can enhance performance on a later test, not only on questions about the information previously tested, but also on questions about related information not previously testedin particular, on questions about information pertaining to the previously incorrect alternatives.
All items were repeated and then recalled on a later test. Some of these strategies employ counter measures to alleviate problems that. Forgetting as a consequence and enabler of creative thinking benjamin c. Illusions of competence during study can be remedied by manipulations that enhance learners sensitivity to retrieval conditions. Optimizing retrieval practice has been assumed, on the basis of evidence and arguments tracing back to landauer and bjork 1978, to require an expandinginterval schedule of successive retrievals, but recent findings suggest that expanding retrieval practice may be inferior to uniforminterval retrieval practice. Is expanded retrieval practice a superior form of spaced retrieval. Optimizing retrieval as a learning event bjork learning and. Kornell n hays m j bjork r a 2009 unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance from physiol 201 at university of michigan. In one experiment, their subjects studied first namelast name pairs once, followed by a practice phase in which they made three.
When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances longterm. When and why expanding retrieval practice enhances longterm retention robert a. Pdf on the durability of retrievalinduced forgetting researchgate. With regard to retrieval processes, bjork 1975 puts forward that. Is expanding retrieval a superior method for learning text materials. Optimizing retrieval practice has been assumed, on the basis of evidence and arguments tracing back to landauer and bjork 1978, to require an expandinginterval schedule of successive retrievals. Improving student learning through the use of classroom quizzes. Similarly, gradually increasing the intervals between retrieval attempts.
Studies in second language acquisition is available. Mem cogn do learners predict a shift from recency to primacy with delay. Spaced repetition promotes efficient and effective. Desirable difficulties and studying in the region of proximal learning. Expanding retrieval practice landauer and bjork 1978 were the first to compare the efficacy of various schedules of retrieval practice. Pdf on the transfer of prior tests or study events to. Effects of repetition as a function of studyphase retrieval.
Pdf on the durability of retrievalinduced forgetting. An example with meaningful materials comes from classic research by anderson and pichert 1978. Toppino, and michel magnin psychological science 2016 27. Kornell n hays m j bjork r a 2009 unsuccessful retrieval. Equal spacing and expanding schedules in childrens. The third retrieval may likely be successful after an even longer interval because success on the second retrieval can further strengthen memory. Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. Advantages documents are ranked in decreasing order of their probability if being relevant disadvantages the need to guess the initial seperation of documents into relevant and nonrelevant sets. The effect of uniform versus expanding retrieval practice on the recall of physiology information.
Although retrievalinduced forgetting has been explored in many ways and with many materials, most research have employed some variant of the retrievalpractice paradigm developed by anderson, bjork, and bjork 1994. When the retrieval buffer is full, the rows are processed and the buffer is reused. Optimizing computerbased second language vocabulary learning. Answering multiplechoice questions with competitive alternatives can enhance performance on a later test, not only on questions about the information previously tested, but also on questions about related information not previously testedin particular, on questions about information pertaining to the previously incorrect alternatives. Others have found no differences between expanding and equally spaced conditions e.
Apr 18, 2014 optimizing retrieval as a learning event. In fact, several studies have demonstrated conditions in which an. Pdf is retrieval success a necessary condition for. Outdated information needs to be archived dynamically. Effects of expanding and equal spacing 1 this is an electronic version of an article to be published in studies in second language acquisition. Multiplechoice testing as a desirable difficulty in the. The database retrieval buffer is a server buffer, per database, that holds extracted row data cells before they are evaluated.